[Changes in morphofunctional condition of the cochlear vascular stripe in response to the ototoxic antibiotic]. / Izmeneniia morfofunktsional'nogo sostoianiia sosudistoi poloski ulitki pod vliianiem ototoksicheskogo antibiotika.

The experiments were made on guinea pigs injected i.m. kanamycin for 7 and 14 days in a dose 400 mg/kg. The cochleas of the guinea pigs were studied electron microscopically after 7- and 14-day courses of the antibiotic and 30 days after the end of aminoglycoside administration. To assess the vascular stripe (VS) function, the number of secretory vacuoles in apical cytoplasm of the marginal cells on the ultrathin sections was calculated. The animals which had got kanamycin for 7 days exhibited insignificant VS ultrastructural alterations, the number of vacuoles in the marginal cells (38.9 +/- 2.4) was higher than normal (33.9 +/- 1.5) but the difference was insignificant. After 14-day administration of the antibiotic VS of the animals had noticeable ultrastructural disorders of the interstitial and marginal cells and statistically significant (p < 0.01) suppression of secretory activity of the marginal cells (18.6 +/- 1.1). Natural reparative processes normalized ultrastructure of all types of VS cells 30 days after kanamycin discontinuation though secretion in the marginal cells remained significantly subnormal (the number of the vacuoles reduced to 23.4 +/- 1.7). Thus, aminoglycoside antibiotic kanamycin induces morphofunctional disorders in VS cells which do not return to normal after 30 days of follow-up.

[Current problems of cochlear implantation]. / Aktual'nye voprosy kokhlearnoi implantatsii.

The Center of Cochlear Implantation at St-Petersburg ENT Research Institute was set up in 1997. For three years of its activity 19 cochlear implantations were made in patients of different age. All of them received Combi 40/40+ implants (Med-El, Austria). Prospects of cochlear implantation and problems of its introduction in Russia are analysed.

[Surgical treatment of glomus tumors in the middle ear]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie glomusnykh opukholei srednego ukha.

Twelve 42-63 year-old women were treated surgically for glomal tumors of the middle ear. The operation implied removal of the posterior wall of the external acoustic meatus along the canal of the facial nerve. This provided creation of a wide cavity and approach directly to the base of the tumor. In glomal tumors of the middle ear surgical treatment is a method of choice. The proposed surgical approach is thought optimal for removal of middle ear chemodectoma.

[Morphological characteristics of chordoma of the temporal bone: light amd electron microscopy]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti khordomy visochnoi kosti: svetovaia i élektronnaia mikroskopiia.

For the first time chordoma of the temporal bone in a female aged 24 years is described. The tumor was studied histologically and ultrastructurally.

[Rehabilitation and assessment of aural-oral speech development in children with cochlear implants]. / Reabilitatsiia i otsenka slukhorechevogo razvitiia detei s kokhlearnymi implantami.

Updated models of cochlear implants provide good speech audibility and thus complete rehabilitation of children who have lost hearing after learning speech. All the children who lost hearing before learning speech can hear sounds of normal loudness and orient in sound media by means of cochlear implant. However, they need long-term audio-vocal rehabilitation the results of which depend on the age of the child's operation and hi(her) individual traits. Cochlear implants in children aged under 3 years are most perspective. Russian language methodology including 7 tests and 2 questionnaires is described. It is intended for assessment of audio-vocal development in children with cochlear implants and results of audio-vocal rehabilitation as well as of effectiveness of using cochlear implant in children over 2 years of age. Establishment of centers for cochlear implantation and introduction of cochlear implantation state program are recommended.

[Adrenergic innervation of the middle and internal ear in man]. / Adrenergicheskaia innervatsiia srednego i vnutrennego ukha cheloveka.

Adrenergic nervous structures (ANS) in morphofunctional formations of human middle and internal ear were studied on the autopsy material obtained from 5 victims of accidents free of any ear disease. The samples were treated histochemically with glyoxylic acid. Non-varicose dilated sympathetic nerve fibers (single and in bundles, non-myelinized, intensively luminescent, twisted and direct) were detected in vertical nerve sections, in spiral and vestibular ganglia, in chorda tympani. A thick net of adrenergic nerve fibers (ANF) was noted around the labyrinthine artery. ANF were absent long along the walls of the utriculus and semicircular canals, in the modiolus vessels, spiral ligament, vascular stripe. ANF were most numerous on the osseous spiral lamina. Near the Corti's organ ANF are thicker and often varicose. On the vertical sections of m. stapedius ANF with varicose parts locate in the connective tissue perimysial layers and in the endomysium directly between the muscular cells. At the site of muscle transition into the tendon and in tendon as such no ANF were found. Two sets of ANF were noted in the middle ear mucosa: perivascular and unrelated to blood vessels.

[Experience in the early diagnosis and habilitation of children with hearing loss in St. Petersburg]. / Opyt organizatsii sistemy rannego vyiavleniia i abilitatsii detei s narusheniiami slukha v Sankt-Peterburge.

By estimation of the specialists, the present system of early detection of hearing problems in children provides registration of hypoacusis only in 40% of hypoacusis infants. To improve the situation, it is necessary to update the screening system, to integrate efforts of various specialists, to perfect information support, training of specialists, provide modern hearing aids, organize rehabilitation groups including both normal children and those with hearing and speech problems.

[Morpho-functional status of the pharyngeal and palatine tonsils in children with regional lymphadenitis]. / Morfofunktsional'noe sostoianie glotochnoi i nebnykh mindalin u detei s regionarnym limfadenitom.

The authors give clinicomorphological analysis of 100 cases of chronic tonsillitis in young children who had marked regional lymphadenitis in the absence of clinical manifestations of tonsillitis. General and local immunity were examined in these children. Lifetime assessment was made of functional tonsil condition by cytological and microbiological examination of the content of deep lacune parts. Removed palatine tonsils were examined histologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Uncommon location of the upper tonsillar pole impairs drainage function of the lacunes, attenuation of lymphoepithelial symbiosis, functional activity of the affected part of the tonsils which give rise to pathological processes in the regional lymph nodes. Impairment of lymph nodes becomes leading in clinical course of the disease.

[On the modeling of acoustic perception in patients with implants]. / K voprosu o modelirovanii slukhovogo vospriiatiia patsientov s implantami.

Four laws of the spectrum division into frequency bands programmed into the implant Combi-40 were applied. After processing of the speech tables using specially developed program, frequency-restricted speech signal was obtained. It contained 8 bands covering 50 Hz each. These were central frequencies of band filters of the speech processor. Training was needed for all examinees with normal hearing to master a new speech picture after which words differentiation reached 100% in all the four variants of the spectrum division. Thus, excess of speech in terms of frequency representation is more than 92.3%. Parallels are given between speech perception of patients with implants and perception of speech changed according to the above program by subjects with normal hearing.

[The status of paranasal sinuses in children according to computer tomography]. / Sostoianie okolonosovykh pazukh u detei po dannym komp'iuternoi tomografii.

Computed and MR tomography of the paranasal sinuses have been conducted in 26 children aged 5-15 years. According to the CT images, 11 of them had affected maxillary sinuses and ethmoidal labyrinth cells, 15 had inflammation in the sphenoid sinuses alone or in combination with affection of the other sinuses.

[Clinical-morphological assessment of the functional status of tonsils in clinical manifestations of chronic tonsillitis]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskaia otsenka funktsional'nogo sostoianiia nebnykh mindalin pri klinicheskikh proiavleniiakh khronicheskogo tonzillita.

Correlations between lacunar content and morphofunctional condition of palatine tonsil immunocompetent tissue were studied histologically, histochemically, morphometrically, microbiologically and cytologically. The microbiological and cytological lacunar findings provide a life-time assessment of tonsillar functional activity. Clinical efficiency of the method makes it valuable for choice of treatment and evaluation of the response to conservative treatment of chronic tonsillitis.

[The characteristics of hearing perception in light of the problem of rehabilitating patients who have undergone implantation]. / Osobennosti slukhovogo vospriiatiia v svete problemy reabilitatsii patsientov, perenesshikh implantatsiiu.

There are significant differences in hearing perception of normal and cochlear implanted individuals. Though the implant processor changes time and frequency characteristics of the speech signal, some implanted patients are able to adapt to their new perception and to return to full understanding of live speech. We make the attempt to understand how the implanted patients percept new picture of speech and suggest the plan of rehabilitation for subjects who lost hearing early.

[Treatment results in patients with juvenile angiofibroma of the nasopharynx]. / Rezul'taty lecheniia bol'nykh s iunosheskoi angiofibromoi nosoglotki.

Surgical and radiation treatment outcomes are available for 46 patients with juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA). Recurrences occurred in 17 (37%) of 44 operated patients. They were subjected to reoperation or radiotherapy. The latter is indicated in JNA recurrences, large-size tumors which are hard to approach, cranial cavity invasion. Immediate results of the treatment are favorable.

[Metabolism and the functional activity of the thyroid in patients with chronic tonsillitis and excess body weight]. / Sostoianie obmena veshchestv i funktsional'noi aktivnosti shchitovidnoi zhelezy u bol'nykh khronicheskim tonzillitom s izbytochnoi massoi tela.

Clinical and laboratory tests were conducted in 138 females of reproductive age with chronic decompensated tonsillitis (CDT) with normal and excessive body mass. Improper diet of the obese patients was responsible for specific manifestations of CDT, disturbances of lipid, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism, thyroid function.

[Current methods for assessing mucociliary transport disorders in the diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis]. / Sovremennye metody otsenki narushenii mukotsiliarnogo transporta v diagnostike khronicheskikh rinosinusitov.

Mucociliary transport of nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa was assessed in 30 healthy subjects and 40 patients with chronic purulent rhinosinusitis. Clinical, biophysical, mathematical, histological and electron microscopic methods were employed. Biophysical investigation comprised life-time TV microscopy of the specimens. Mucociliary transport investigation and sparing sampling of the ciliary epithelium from mucosa surface of the nose and paranasal sinuses were performed by means of a special apparatus. The computer program modelled vibration of the cilia and estimated their movements (total waving frequency, duration of the impact and raising phases, their correlation). The study discovered prominent structural and functional impairment of the mucociliary system manifesting as ciliary dyskinesia and epithelium converting into the stratified squamous one.

[Problem of cochlear implantation: brief introduction]. / Kratkoe vvedenie v problemu kokhlearnoi implantatsii.

The only method of hearing rehabilitation for patients with severe hypoacusis and peripheral deafness is cochlear implantation consisting of insertion of electrodes into the scala tympani and direct electric impulse stimulation of the auditory nerve adjusted to the input acoustic signal. Only few such operations have been performed in this country. Much effort should be devoted to training of specialists and advocating this method among practitioners.

[Clinical morphological features of middle ear chemodectomas]. / Kliniko-morfologicheskie osobennosti khemodektom srednego ukha.

Eight cases of glomus tumor (chemodectoma) are reported. All the patients were women aged 46-55 years with complaints of noise in the ears, diminished hearing, pains on the side of the tumor. Some of the patients had ear discharge. Neurinoma, ear polyp, hemangioma and ceruminoma were rejected at differential diagnosis. All the patients were treated surgically. One patient was reoperated 12 years later. Operative biopsies of the tumor tissue were studied histologically and histochemically using hematoxiline-eosine and picrofuxine staining, Gordon and Sweet impregnation, PAS-reaction for detection of neutral mucopolysaccharides, Sternberger PAP technique for identification of biogenic amines and peptide hormones. In most cases the tumor had angiomatous structure with marked stromal fibrosis. An alveolar (glandular) variant occurred less frequently. Serotonin granules detected at immunoperoxidase test appeared to be aspecific marker of glomus tumor cells.